[Identification of substances in the essential oil and antibacterial activities of heptaptera anisoptera [DC.] Turin]

Heptaptera anisoptera from Umbelliferae was growth in some spaces of Iran. Some researches have been carried out on the herb about isolation and structure elucidation of some phytochemicals. There isn't any report about identification of substances in the essential oil and antibacterial activities of this plant. Identification of substances in the essential oil and antibacterial activities of Heptaptera anisoptera [DC] Turin. Literature survey has shown that the herb has not previously been investigated for essential oil and antibacterial activities. The essential oil of aerial parts from Heptaptera anisoptera [DC] Turin. [Umbelliferae] was obtained by hydrodistillation. The oil was analyzed by GC/MS. The effects of methanol, chloroform and hexane extracts of this plant were tested on 10 G[+] and G[-] bacteria in different dilutions. 91.3% of the oil [10 components] was identified. Method of identification was based on comparison of the mass spectra and retention indices of the components with standards. Thymol [48.8%], 3-carene [17.6%], phytol [7.9%], methyl linolenate [5.6%], and methyl palmitate [4.7%] were the major components. None of the extracts are any effect on tested bacteria. While thymol is the major component of some herbs such as thymes and ajowan, other plants can have thymol as major component. In the oil of thymes, carvacrol is reported, too, but it didn't identify in the oil of H. anisoptera. Similar to other essential oils, monoterpenoides were major compounds. As a result of use of long time for oil extraction [3 hours], non-terpenoides components [diterpenoide, fatty acids and esters] came in the oil, too. Despite the fact of antibacterial activity of plants, none extract of H. anisoptera in 4 test models, have significant antibacterial effect

[Chemical components of essential oil and antimicrobial effects of rhizomes from cyperus rotundus L.]

Cyperus rotundus L. belongs to Cyperaceae family, which grows in around of Iran and its roots with other herbs uses as antiflatulant and nervous tonic. Identification of chemical components of essential oil and antimicrobial effects of rhizomes from Cyperus rotundus L. The roots and rhizomes of C. rotundus were purchased from Tehran herb shops in June 2007. After confirmation, the essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and was subjected to GC/MS. The antimicrobial effects of the root extract were studied on Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium herebaceum. The major components of the essential oil were found alpha-cyperone [32.0%] and spathulenol [11/0%]. The study of antimicrobial activity showed that the methanolic extracts have effects on Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus, but any effects on Salomonella, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium herebaceum were not showed. 25 Components [91.2% of the oil] were identified, totally. Sesquiterpenoides are major components [0.82%], and then monoterpenoids [8.8%]. Alpha-cyperone as major compound of our oil, was identified in the other research on oil of C. rotundus. Inhibitory concentrations for Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were 31.25 and 125 mg/ml

Fatty acid composition of echium amoenum fisch et. mey. seeds [Boraginaceae]

The seeds of Echium amoenum [Boraginaceae] are used in Iranian Traditional Medicine as diuretic, analgesic, hypotensive and diaphoretic. This study was designed to identification and quantification of composition of fatty acids in the seeds oil of E. amoenum. The seeds of the plant were extracted with n-hexane. After evaporating under reduced pressure, oil was get. Methanolysis of the oil glyceride was carried out in KOH medium and BF3, under reflux condition for 30 min. The esters passed into the upper hexane layer, then analyzed by GC-MS. The seeds of E. amoenum revealed the presence of four fatty acids including one saturated and three unsaturated. The unsaturated fatty acids were present in much greater proportion than saturated ones. Linolenic acid was found to be major unsaturated fatty acid and the palmitic acid as predominant saturated acid

Study on microscopical characteristic and composition of the volatile oil of fruit of petroselinum hortense hoffm

Parsley [Petroselinum hortense Hoffm.] is one of the most famous medical and nutritional herb. Fruits of parsley traditionally used as diuretic, appetizer, vasodilator, with out any side effects. Also, it is used in cosmetic industry as a deodorant to cure halitosis and in nutritional industry. Study of microscopical characteristic, extraction and identification of the essential oil of the chemical composition of Parsley seed, is the main aims of this study. For this research, fruits have seen purchased from the market of Tehran and Identified. Microscopical characteristic will be done using light microscope and extraction of the essential oil will be done with hydro-distillation method using Clevenger apparatus and then identified after GC/MS findings. Endosperm containing crystals of calcium oxalate and oil spots, parts of compact cells of Endocarp, a group of fibro vascular, Epiderm tissue containing fragment of a vitta, were the most fragments of the powdered seed. The total amount of the Essential oil was 1% V/W and the most analyzed compounds were: 1,8 cineol [59.2%]-alpha- phellandren [18.6%]-alpha-pinene [7.6%]. There was no difference between the microscopical characters of the powdered seeds of Iranian cultivated Parsley with the cultivated specimen in other country. The absence of two compounds; Apiol [aborticide agent] and Miristicin [agent causing euphoria] in Iranian cultivated Parsley is a significant safe character for the using of the Iranian specimen in food and pharmaceutical industries

Composition of the Volatile Oil of Thymus daenensis Celak. subsp. daenensis

Thymus daenensis Celak. subsp. daenensis is one of the endogenous Thymus species in Iran. The plant is traditionally used as carminative, digestive, antispasmodic, antitussive and expectorant in Iran. To study the Composition of the Volatile Oil of Thymus daenensis Celak. subsp. Daenensis. In this study, the hydrodistilled oil of the aerial parts of T. daenensis subsp. daenensis was analyzed using GC/FID and GC/MS. The result indicates that the oil contains over twenty-six components [99.7%]. The main components were thymol [74.7%], p-cymene [6.5%], B-caryophyllene [3.8%] and methyl carvacrol [3.6%]. This species has rich in phenolic substances specially thymol which might considered as a substitute for Thymus vulgaris

Physicochemical quality control of senna products from Iranian phytopharmaceutics

There is an increasing attention to and usage of herbal drugs around the world. Medicinal products containing senna herb are very popular herbal remedies. In order to assess the quality of Iranian herbal products, as a part of national effort to achieve profile of quality of pharmaceuticals, this study was designed to evaluate the quality of products containing senna herb. Samples were purchased directly from drugstores in Tehran in 2002. The comparative study was conducted according to pharmacopoeial procedures. Also Iranian products were compared to appropriate forign known-brands. Some defects were observed in Iranian products in respects to uniformity of contents and weights, and even content of the dosage forms. But in total, most of the products were found to be acceptable and at appropriate quality